NF EN 1435
Non-destructive examination of welds. Radiographic examination of welded joints.
Le présent document spécifie les techniques fondamentales du contrôle par radiographie des assemblages soudés par fusion des matériaux métalliques.
Le présent document spécifie les techniques fondamentales du contrôle par radiographie des assemblages soudés par fusion des matériaux métalliques.
<p>ISO 17636-1:2013 specifies techniques of radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials using industrial radiographic film techniques.</p> <p>ISO 17636-1:2013 applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe" as used in this International Standard covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure vessels.</p> <p>ISO 17636-1:2013 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the radiographs.</p> <p>If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower than when ISO 17636-1:2013 is strictly applied.</p>
<p>ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies fundamental techniques of digital radiography with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally recognized practice and fundamental theory of the subject.</p> <p>ISO 17636-2:2013 applies to the digital radiographic examination of fusion welded joints in metallic materials. It applies to the joints of plates and pipes. Besides its conventional meaning, "pipe", as used in this International Standard, covers other cylindrical bodies such as tubes, penstocks, boiler drums, and pressure vessels.</p> <p>ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X- and gamma-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDA) of the welded joints of metallic plates and tubes for the detection of imperfections. </p> <p>Digital detectors provide a digital grey value (GV) image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer. ISO 17636-2:2013 specifies the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important, but are not the main focus of ISO 17636-2:2013. The procedure specified in ISO 17636-2:2013 provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permit exposure and acquisition of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for detection of imperfections as film radiography, as specified in ISO 17636-1.</p> <p>ISO 17636-2:2013 does not specify acceptance levels for any of the indications found on the digital radiographs.</p> <p>If contracting parties apply lower test criteria, it is possible that the quality achieved is significantly lower than when ISO 17636-2:2013 is strictly applied.</p>
- Avant-propos3
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1 Domaine d'application4
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2 Références normatives4
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3 Définitions4
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3.1 épaisseur nominale, t4
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3.2 épaisseur traversée, w5
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3.3 distance film-objet, b5
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3.4 dimensions de la source, d5
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3.5 distance source-film (DSF)5
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3.6 distance source-objet, f5
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3.7 diamètre, De5
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4 Classification des techniques radiographiques5
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5 Généralités6
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5.1 Protection contre les rayonnements ionisants6
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5.2 Préparation de la surface et stade de fabrication6
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5.3 Position de la soudure sur le radiogramme6
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5.4 Identification des radiogrammes6
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5.5 Marquage6
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5.6 Recouvrement des films6
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5.7 Types et positions des indicateurs de qualité d'image (IQI)6
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5.8 Évaluation de la qualité d'image7
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5.9 Indices de qualité d'image minimums7
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5.10 Qualification du personnel7
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6 Techniques recommandées pour l'exécution des radiogrammes8
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6.1 Dispositions d'examen8
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6.2 Choix de la tension du tube et de la source de rayonnement13
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6.3 Systèmes films et écrans15
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6.4 Alignement du faisceau17
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6.5 Réduction du rayonnement diffusé17
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6.6 Distance source-objet18
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6.7 Étendue maximale interprétable en une seule exposition19
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6.8 Densité des radiogrammes19
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6.9 Traitement20
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6.10 Conditions d'observation du film20
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7 Rapport d'examen20
- Annexe A (normative) Nombre recommandé d'expositions permettant un examen acceptable d'une soudure circulaire bout à bout21
- Annexe B (normative) Indices de qualité d'image minimums26
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