Le présent document définit les indications générales sur le prélèvement et l'analyse des isocyanates organiques en suspension dans l'air sur les lieux de travail, à l'aide d'un réactif 1-(2-méthoxyphényl)pipérazine et de la chromatographie en phase liquide. Le présent document est largement basé sur la norme ISO 16702 de 2001, portant le même titre, élaborée par le Comité Technique ISO/TC 146, Qualité de l'air, sous-comité SC 2, Qualité de l'air des lieux de travail, que la commission française X 43 C avait approuvée sur le fond. La version française de cette norme n'a pas semblé toutefois assez explicite dans certaines de ses parties pour être reprise telle quelle comme norme française. La commission a donc décidé d'améliorer cette rédaction pour mettre à la disposition des utilisateurs français un document plus opérationnel ; compte tenu que ce document ne reprend pas à l'identique la norme ISO, il a été décidé de lui conférer le statut de Fascicule de Documentation.
ISO 16702:2007 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of airborne organic isocyanate (NCO) compounds in workplace air. ISO 16702:2007 is appropriate for a wide range of organic compounds containing isocyanate functional groups, including isocyanate monomers and prepolymers. Monomers containing a single isocyanate moiety (e.g. methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate) are produced during thermal degradation of polyurethanes, i.e. flame bonding and laser cutting. Isocyanate polymers, also called polyisocyanates, homopolymers, oligomers or prepolymers, are derived from the diisocyanate monomers by self-condensation or reaction with polyols. Polymeric diisocyanates are widely used in the polyurethanes, paints and coatings, and adhesives industries. ISO 16702:2007 is appropriate for measuring any product containing free isocyanate groups. It was developed primarily for the commonly used methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI), 1,6-(diisocyanato)hexane (HDI), and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and their oligomers and polymers. It has also been used for isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydrogenated methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (HMDI), and naphthyldiisocyanate (NDI), and their oligomers and polymers. The method is used to determine time-weighted average concentrations of organic isocyanates in workplace atmospheres, and is suitable for sampling over periods in the range 0,5 min to 8 h. The method is designed for personal monitoring, but can also be used for fixed location monitoring by suitable modification. The method is suitable for the measurement of airborne organic isocyanates in the concentration range from approximately 0,1 µg/m3 to 140 µg/m3 for a 15 l sample volume.
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